CANCER OF LANGUAGE: SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT
Tongue cancer Tongue cancer - a malignant tumor formed from the epithelial cells located on the tongue. This type of cancer is very rare and mainly affects males. The average age of the victims is sixty years. In the place of localization of the most commonly formed on a lateral surface or the middle part of the tongue, a little less often at the root, the back and the tip of the tongue. Discover the tumor is quite easy, as they are formed in the visible parts of the body.
The risk of cancer in the language lies in the fact that the tumor is located near important organs such as the lymph nodes, or the brain, and can affect the spread of the metastases they are. The main causes - an addiction to tobacco, unhealthy diet and dental problems in the oral cavity.
The diagnosis of the disease is quite easy to perform, like a tumor formed in a prominent place. In addition, a thorough inspection of the patient was carried out, and he named some additional tests - ultrasound and magnetic resonance. The treatment of cancer of the tongue consists of a set of measures that include drug therapy, surgery, chemotherapy is used, postoperative nutrition especially composed.
ETIOLOGY
Until the end it is not known why there is a cancer of the tongue. This can contribute to autoimmune, irritant diseases, along with the fall of food, any violation of the structure of the tongue. But the most common factors that contribute to the appearance of malignant tumors are:
genetic predisposition;
excessive addiction to nicotine, not only smoking tobacco blends, but also directing your chewing;
dependence on alcoholic beverages;
age category - the most common anomaly occurs in people over fifty, people under thirty and is quite rare;
herpes infection;
lupus erythematosus;
HIV infection;
ulcerous form of lichen planus;
violation of the integrity of the mucous membrane of the sharp edge of a tooth in turn;
at random, but the constant biting one and the same place on the tongue;
poorly matched dental prostheses;
human papilloma virus;
take certain medications;
conditions in the workplace, when a person has to regularly contact vapors or salts of heavy metals and working oil;
delays the treatment of inflammation in the gums.
Often, this becomes the cause of this type of cancer, such as cancer of the tongue. Also, a precancerous condition can cause benign tumors, but if you do not start at the time of treating them, it can turn into a malignant tumor.
SPECIES
Like all cancers, cancer of the tongue has its flow:the initial stage - a tumor of small size, less than one centimeter, no signs of the disease a person does not feel. tumor metastasis and it does not extend to diagnose rarely in this stage;
the second stage - an increase in the size of the tumors not only in width, but also in depth. There is a likelihood of metastatic disease in the area below the chin or jaw. The man realizes the first signs of the disease, such as the appearance of small nodules or ulcers on the tongue;
The third stage - the spread of cancer that is characterized by more than half of the tongue and some areas below. Along with the increased size of the spread of the metastases, the lymph nodes are area of the affected axilla, behind the ear and the occipital region. Expressed overt symptoms - numbness and stiffness of the tongue;
fourth stage - expressed in metastatic spread to internal organs such as the brain, lungs and liver, and then affects the structure of bone tissue.
In the place of localization, cancer of the tongue can be expressed in areas such as:
body language - more than 50% of cases;
the root of the tongue - one fifth of the tumors falls in this place;
the lower surface - a tenth of all cases.
Depending on how the disease develops, there are several stages of tongue cancer severity of symptoms:
the first - the complexity of the course of this stage is that the symptoms of cancer can not be expressed, so the diagnosis, let alone treat it is quite difficult;
developed - begin to show symptoms. They express themselves with greater or lesser intensity and deliver discomfort to man;
launched - for the aggressive stage. Pathological process quickly affects the tissues and lymph nodes.
In almost all cases, squamous cell carcinoma is predominant tongue, which means that it develops from the cells of the superficial layer. Other forms, such as basal cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma are extremely rare.
In anatomy, cancer of the tongue is:
peptic ulcer or erosive forms;
node;
papillary form.
SYMPTOM
The symptoms of tongue cancer will vary depending on at what stage of the disease. For the initial grade is characterized by asymptomatic, but may appear in some signs, does not cause discomfort to the patient. These include:
the appearance of small white spots. They are often confused with an incursion into ordinary language after sleep;
minor secondary language seal;
discoloration of the body - it can be a bit of flushing;
increase in size of the lymph nodes, below the jaw, but this symptom in this stage is rarely expressed;
pain in the tongue, which is very often confused with other disorders of the mouth, because it has no clear location and expresses slightly.
The next step seems broad enough symptoms like:increased salivation;
recurrent sore throat;
clearly marked halitosis;
discomfort when swallowing a pain and a burning sensation in the tongue and throat;
the appearance of hemorrhages, which have nothing to do with tongue injuries;
difficulty in pronouncing certain sounds;
appearance, depending on the anatomical structure, sores or warts. At the beginning of its appearance did not bring pain, but with the growth of morbidity and increased bleeding occurs;
Alterations in body mobility are observed in pumping ulcers.
These symptoms accompanied third degree of cancer - the size of the tumor, can reach more than two centimeters. Infected tumors can significantly complicate the diagnosis and treatment of cancer of the tongue.
The symptoms of cancer of the tongue to the advanced stage almost similar to the previous one, but it is expressed with greater intensity, and deliver a more serious discomfort to the patient. In this stage of metastasis observed in the nodes of lung, brain, liver, bone and ganglia in the area below the jaw, neck, and chin.
In addition, additional symptoms can be expressed as:
bleeding not only for the language, but also for the gums;
a significant reduction in the patient's body weight;
complete immobility of the tongue;
loss of appetite due to discomfort during this process;
pain in the teeth and loosening;
strengthen the foul odor of the mouth;
the appearance of inflammation in the respiratory organs.
Unlike the first stage, the fourth degree of tongue cancer can advance quickly and aggressively, so it has a poor prognosis.pronounced the language of pain, the intensity of which varies. The pain can spread to other parts of the mouth, as well as temples and ears;
DIAGNOSTICS
In most cases, to diagnose cancer of the tongue is not difficult, since the person skilled in the art will determine this disease in characteristic external features. An exception is the initial stage where they can not appear there are no symptoms. In most cases, the correct diagnosis can be made only in the most complex stages of this disease. Diagnostic activities include:
Collect complete information about the course of the disease and the intensity of the symptoms. This will help your doctor determine the extent of the disease;
general examination of the patient and palpation of the lymph nodes;
Internal language test of the mouth and tonsils;
laboratory for testing small pieces of tumors taken by biopsy;
ultrasound and computed tomography - carried out to determine the prevalence and depth of tumor metastasis;
X-ray - allowing you to see the image of bone loss;
full of x-rays of the teeth, gums and tissues of the jaw.
The spread of metastases can be determined by:
Biopsy - a small sample of the lymph nodes for subsequent laboratory tests;
remote study hardware of internal organs. In such cases, the use of CT, MRI and ultrasound. In addition, the doctor has to make a differential diagnosis, in order to rule out other oral diseases, among them - benign tumors, syphilis, tuberculosis, ulcer.
TREATMENT
Treatment of cancer of the tongue depends entirely on the scene and its form, but in almost all cases the complex therapy consists of means, including:
medical intervention - the most reliable method of treatment;
radiotherapy - in most cases, carried out in conjunction with chemotherapy;
chemotherapy - in rare cases it is an independent method of treatment, especially in combination with radiotherapy or surgery;
Special food after the operation.
The surgery is carried out when the tongue cancer has spread deep into the soft tissues of the oral cavity or violated the integrity of the bone. During this treatment the tumor is removed, and the part of the internal organs, which was reached by metastasis. In addition, the lymph nodes are removed completely. If plastic surgery is not performed it is necessary.
For large amounts of cancer metastasis and spread to remote organs, and if the patient has cancer of the tongue, surgery combined with radiation and chemotherapy. If the flow of the disease is carried out in the third or fourth stage, treatment without surgery is not possible.
After an operation the patient is prescribed a special diet that aims to balance and optimize the diet.
Such a diet is aimed at:
discharge of toxic substances from the body;
balance the content of vitamins and minerals in the body;
the restoration of the digestive system.
Immediately after surgery, the patient is assigned to a liquid food, which should not exceed two tablespoons per meal, but do not limit the frequency approaches. You can also use carrot or beet juice. In the second postoperative patient phase adjustment allows the use of potency, in addition to soups, stews or steamed vegetables. It is recommended to enrich the diet of a small amount of fruits, honey and garlic. Size of the dose is increased to two hundred grams per reception. In the third stage of the diet you can eat fruits, vegetables, nuts, lean meat or boiled fish, dairy products. But they can only be adopted prescribed by a doctor.Food in oncology of this type should not be included:
fatty broth;
smoked;
hard cheeses;
Salt;
vegetables;
coffee and soft drinks;
all foods containing soda;
alcoholic drinks;
potatoes in any form.
Nutrition for the Cancer language provides welcome in any quantity:
liquid porridge;
soups;
fresh fruit;
boiled lean meat and fish;
dairy products.
PREVENTION
In order to avoid the appearance of tongue cancer, you should:
lead a healthy life. This means completely abandoning tobacco and alcoholic beverages;
eliminate the factors that affect the violation of the mucous membranes of the tongue;
every three months by inspection by a dentist;
adhere to proper nutrition.
0 komentar:
Posting Komentar